Spina bifida is primarily caused by a deficiency in which vitamin?

Spina bifida, a neural tube defect, has been significantly associated with a deficiency of folic acid (vitamin B9) during early pregnancy. Folate is crucial for proper DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, as well as for the production of red and white blood cells. Its role in the formation of the neural tube is particularly essential during the first month of pregnancy when the neural tube is developing.

Adequate folic acid levels help prevent premature closure or defects in the neural tube, which can lead to conditions like spina bifida. Public health recommendations often include the supplementation of folic acid for women who are planning to conceive as a preventive measure against congenital neural tube defects.