Which of the following is NOT associated with an excess of copper?

The correct answer focuses on the distinguishing features associated with copper accumulation in the body, specifically relating to Wilson's disease, a genetic disorder leading to excessive copper buildup. In Wilson's disease, notable manifestations include the presence of the Kayser-Fleischer ring, which is a greenish or golden ring around the cornea made of copper deposits. It is a classic clinical sign associated with this condition.

The term "Fleischer ring" typically refers to a ring of iron deposits seen in conditions like keratoconus, not copper. Therefore, it is not associated with excess copper. This distinction helps clarify why the Fleischer ring is not included in the context of conditions related to copper overload.

The other choices are indeed linked to conditions of copper excess. Sunflower cataracts and the Kayser-Fleischer ring are direct manifestations of Wilson's disease and are recognized biomarkers of copper accumulation. Sunflower cataracts are specific ocular findings that can occur alongside other systemic effects of copper overload. Thus, recognizing the specific associations allows for a clearer understanding of the impact of excess copper in metabolic disorders.