Which vitamin acts as an essential cofactor for collagen synthesis?

Vitamin C acts as an essential cofactor for collagen synthesis due to its critical role in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen. This hydroxylation process is important for the stability and proper formation of collagen fibers, which are vital for the structural integrity of various tissues, including skin, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Without adequate levels of Vitamin C, collagen synthesis is impaired, leading to disorders such as scurvy, characterized by weakened connective tissues, bleeding gums, and impaired wound healing.

Collagen's triple-helix structure relies on these post-translational modifications facilitated by Vitamin C, underscoring its importance in maintaining healthy connective tissue and overall health. Other vitamins listed, such as A, B, and D, do not play direct roles in collagen synthesis, making Vitamin C uniquely essential for this biological process.